Gum Disease
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an inflammation and infection of the gums. It is primarily caused by the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth. When plaque is not adequately removed through proper oral hygiene practices, it can harden into tartar and irritate the gums.
Early state gum disease called gingivitis, often presents with symptoms such as red, swollen, and tender gums that may bleed easily during brushing or flossing. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease. Periodontitis can cause the gums to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected. Over time, this infection can lead to bone and tissue loss, potentially resulting in tooth loosening or tooth loss.
Several factors contribute to the development and progression of gum disease, including poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, hormonal changes, certain medications, genetics, and underlying health conditions like diabetes. Regular dental check-ups, proper brushing and flossing techniques, and professional cleanings are vital for preventing and managing gum disease. Early detection and treatment are crucial for halting its progression and preserving oral health.
National surveys estimated that approximately half of the United States population aged 30 years and older have periodontitis. The good news is that the disease is preventable, detectable, and treatable.
What Are the Signs of Gum Disease?
Periodontitis is typically a “silent” disease in that symptoms are not noticed until the disease becomes advanced. Therefore, it is important to have regular exams by professionals with radiographs and complete periodontal probing/charting, in order to detect the disease as early as possible.
Periodontitis often happens without obvious symptoms. If you notice any of the following changes, you should check with your dentist without delay.
- Bleeding gums: Gums that easily bleed while brushing, eating or even being spontaneous
- Red, swollen, puffy and/or tender gums (normal gums are pink and firm)
- Bad breath
- Loose teeth or loss of teeth
- Receding gums that makes the tooth looks longer
- New spaces/gaps developing between the teeth
- Shifting teeth or changes in the position of the teeth
- Pus or discharge
- Difficulties in chewing/biting